2007年2月25日星期日

空域限制

最近华尔街日报拟文谈了中国极其严重的航班延误现象。作者认为中国严格的空域限制是造成航班延误的主要原因:中国大陆空域却只有30%对民航航班开放,这一比例也使中国成为世界上航空管制最为严格的国家之一。究其原因,中国的天空乃是处于军方的强势控制之下。

去年12月的一天下午,上海浦东国际机场(Pudong International Airport)曾因中国空军的一次演习关闭4个小时。南京军区(Nanjing Military Area Command)辖区内至少三个大型城市的数个机场被迫关闭,数百个国际、国内航班意外延误或转飞其他地方。

美国纽约到芝加哥的航线上有13个不同海拔高度的空中航道,中国的民航航道却只有7个高度,这就限制了一条航线上的飞机数量。以香港国泰航空(Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd.)为例,该公司香港到上海的航线只有四个海拔高度可以选择,大约是29,500英尺、33,500英尺、37,400英尺和41,300英尺。

上面这些例子确实说明航班延误问题与空域开放成都有关,但这无法证明其为航班延误的主要原因。大多数人都知道,航班延误的最主要原因应该是“天气”。这在全世界都是一样的,你不可能期盼开放更多的空域来解决关系到飞行安全的天气问题。在绝大多数情况下,飞机能否起飞一目了然。乘客不会随意相信航空公司的各种“荒谬”理由。反恐演习,空域管制的现象在中国确实存在,但这是个世界现象,绝非中国一家。而军队也绝不会将民航变成自己的演习场进而严重影响民众正常旅行(涉及国家安全的除外)。

中国的民航航班延误问题已经不是一个简单的“时间问题”,事实上他更是一个服务行业的服务水准,职业道德问题。近些年来因航空公司及机场自身原因引起的航班延误,机场商品价格垄断,飞机晚点后不能妥善安置旅客等问题比比皆是。其实大家都明白这就是一个“垄断问题”。三大国有航空公司对市场的垄断必然造成各种问题的产生,包括飞机延误,管理混乱,价格垄断,服务低劣等。

对世界各国来说空域都是一个必须严格控制的涉及国家安全的领域,第一空军强国美国的911袭击已经充分说明了这一点。所以世界各种对空域的管理限制一直都非常严格,911之后更是如此。在这方面还没必要对军方指责。更何况中国的航空行业还是处在一个初级阶段,要知道即使大城市人口长途出行都坐飞机,这个比例在全国来说也是很低的。毕竟中国坐不起飞机的人太多了。就这个比例而言今天中国的空域开放范围是够用的,当然随着航空产业的发展相信我们的空域一定还会进一步开放。

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